New Harbor in the Great Salt Pond is very large with lots of deep water. The suggested anchorage has >35 feet, but there's shallower areas nearer shore ~15 feet recommended by the locals.
Moorings are managed by the Block Island Boat Basin (401-466-2631) first come first serve, $40 per night. They fill up very quickly on the weekends -- we arrived at 2:30pm and they were already full. After 3:00pm they start offering private moorings for the same price. You can stay on their moorings until 12 noon. You can stay on the private moorings until 10 am.
We experienced quite a gale on Block Island, and some of the moorings dragged. Ours was under water for a couple of hours, and if we dragged we moved less than 10 feet.
The nearest grocery store is ~.75 miles away, the Block Island Depot. Small but with a nice selection, including organics. There's a bigger grocery store down town ~1.5 miles away. A pretty place.
The Oar restaurant overlooks the mooring field, good food at a good price.